2.3 Direct reduction of laterite nickel ore in industrial scale Most laterite nickel ore processing is carried out using Elkem process. The Elkem process uses Rotary Kiln and Electric Furnace (RKEF) to reduce and smelt laterite nickel ore. Commercialization of Elkem process itself began with the development of a pilot plant in 19531954. At ...
The laterite ore tailing mainly consists of forsterite (Mg2SiO4), sodium magnesium silicate (Na2Mg2Si2O7), and troilite (FeS), of which 91.45% Na and 83.53% S were leached under the optimal ...
The results of beneficiation studies showed that iron and silica content can be reduced from low grade bauxite and laterite . The salient features and results obtained …
Extensive studies carried out on the characterisation and beneficiation of the laterites indicated that the concentration of Ni could at best be enriched to a value of …
Sc host minerals in limonitic and saprolitic laterite nickel ore are different. 84.27% and 59.86% of Sc in limonitic and saprolitic laterite could be leached under the experimental conditions of 3 ...
The chemical assays of the laterite samples are provided in Table 2. The nickel head grade of ores L, I and S (at <300 μm size fraction) was found to be 1.2%, 1.1%, and 3.0%, respectively. Nickel was found, more or less, at the same grade in all size fractions in these laterite ore samples.
Ni laterite ores are mainly classified as silicate and oxide deposits, where each laterite type may contain both silicate and oxide gangue minerals in varying proportions. The oxide deposits are characterised by three different zones: goethitic/limonitic, saprolitic and bedrock (Chen et al., 2004). On the basis of the …
In this paper, the reduction roasting of laterite ore in the absence or presence of sodium sulfate was carried out for nickel beneficiation by wet magnetic separation. Sodium sulfate is found to be capable of enhancing the reduction of laterite ore through liberating iron and nickel from Ni/Fe substituted-lizardite, as well as increasing the size of ferronickel …
The sample is NAPL laterite residue from Sichuan province, China. The liquefaction method of laterite residue is as follows: The laterite residue was dissolved by mixed acid (the volume of hydrochloric acid: nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid is 3:1:3) at 120 °C for 30 min. After cooling to 25 °C, the beaker was washed by deionized water.
40 nickel laterite samples from New Caledonia plus 6 samples from processed laterites were analyzed for this case study. The 40 samples are from both laterite and saprolite horizons of the nickel laterite profile, Figure3. To guarantee a reproducible and constant sample preparation for the XRD measurements, the samples …
Despite the high grade, recovery of rare earths from laterite ores by conventional mineral beneficiation processes such as froth flotation, density or magnetic separation is difficult due to the ...
Abstract: Process mineralogy of low-grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia was systematically characterized and the beneficiation process of mineral components such …
1. Introduction. In lateritic nickel ore, nickel is associated with iron phase where as cobalt is associated with manganese phase [1]. Natural Fe (III) oxides are high in surface area and are reactive [2]. Fe (III) oxides adsorb a wide range of metal cations and anions by complexation to surface hydroxyl groups [3].
A typical laterite ore may contain approximately 1–1.5% Ni with 40–50% Fe existing in the form of goethite [ (FeNi)O⋅ (OH)⋅ n H 2 O]. Laterite ores contain up to 40% of free and combined moisture, which is removed in the reduction process ( Ray et al., 2014 ). Similar to copper extraction, nickel ores are first beneficiated to produce ...
The iron ore industries of India are expected to bring new technologies to cater to the need of the tremendous increase in demand for quality ores for steel making. With the high-grade ores depleting very fast, the focus is on the beneficiation of low-grade resources. However, most of these ores do not respond well to the conventional …
The processing of nickel laterites by high pressure acid leaching (HPAL) typically uses feeds with an average nickel content not less than 1.1%–1.2% (cut-off grade 1.0%) [] though recently several …
The stainless-steel industry is the primary driver of nickel demand and uses both class 1 and 2 (lower purity) nickel. Class 2 nickel from nickel laterite ores can be converted to nickel sulfate; however, it requires high-pressure acid leaching. Much of the laterite ore comes from the Philippines, Indonesia, and New Caledonia.
There is considerable interest in the development of new processes to extract the nickel from the oxidic nickeliferous laterite deposits, as the global nickel sulphide resources are rapidly becoming more difficult to access. In comparison to sulphide ores, where the nickel-containing mineral can be readily concentrated by flotation, nickel …
Process mineralogy of low-grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia was systematically characterized and the beneficiation process of mineral components such as limonite, serpentine and chromite was studied on the basis of process mineralogy. The results show that the low-grade laterite nickel ore is a typical weathering sedimentary …
Mark I. Pownceby. Australia has large reserves of limonite and clay-based laterites that are currently underutilized. This review summarizes the latest nickel laterite upgrading studies reported in the literature which use physical beneficiation – only …
Magnesium chloride and HCl brine leaching are used to extract nickel and cobalt from laterites. This system has the advantage of allowing direct control of iron …
In this regard, Nemaleu et al. (Nemaleu et al. 2022) reported that the incorporation of 6% cement and 0.6% cotton fiber to laterite soil leads to a lightweight composite with low thermal ...
Abstract. From the magnificent red and yellow potmarked temples of Cambodia to the durable smooth roads of Gabon, laterite is a stone of a thousand uses. Many are well known to the modern engineer—yet many still lie buried beneath green vines, shifted sands, or cracked stucco. Download to read the full chapter text.
The Ni laterite selected was a sample being studied as a part of a larger CSIRO Minerals Down Under (MDU) supported Ni laterite beneficiation program of research. The sample was designated "siliceous goethitic" (SG) as suggested by its generic mineralogy. A summary of its chemical and mineralogical characteristics is given in Table …
The chemical analysis of laterite soil samples sourced from literature, Table 1 showed that the major compounds present in the laterite soil are SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, and Fe 2 O 3.These compounds were predominantly more than 70% of total composition of oxide compounds, and in some cases, it reached about 92±5% (Jan et al., 2007; Marto et al., …
Nickel laterite production is on the rise and surpassing conventional sulfide deposits. The efficiency of mining and processing nickel laterites is defined by their mineralogical composition ...
Abstract. Bauxite is the major alumina (Al2O3) bearing ore used in the aluminum manufacturing industries. The bauxite containing less than 50% Al2O3 is called low-grade bauxite ore which is commonly used for the alumina-based abrasives and refractories productions. The alu-mina-silica and alumina-ferrite complexes are the fore-most …
Keeping the above characteristics in view, several west coast lateritic bauxite mines of India employ dry crushing−screening process to bring down silica content from the metallurgical grade bauxite [].Recently, a bauxite mine of Guinea known as AGB2A has also adopted the dry beneficiation procedure to cut down silica from about 7% to below 3%, …
The laterite ore was crushed and ground to 80 wt.% passing 0.074 mm.The ground laterite sample was thoroughly mixed with sodium sulfate (the amount of sodium sulfate addition varied from 0 wt.% to 20 wt.%) for preparing non-coal-burdened pellets with diameter of 12–16 mm. Lignite was crushed and screened to a size range of 0.5–2.0 mm …